{"id": "ca_FD6BehMy", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能对给定情境中的物体判断其能否抽象为质点并说明依据", "verb": "判断", "object": "给定情境中物体能否抽象为质点", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "必修", "evidence": ["面对一个具体情境（如研究地球绕太阳公转），说出该物体可视为质点，并指出此时物体的大小形状对问题无影响", "面对一个具体情境（如研究车轮的转动），说出该物体不能视为质点，并指出此时物体的大小形状对问题有影响"], "assessment": "{{name}}，这个物体在研究这个问题时，能不能看成一个点？为什么？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 20, "srcText": "经历质点模型的建构过程，了解质点的含义。知道将物体抽象为质点的条件，能将特定实际情境中的物体抽象成质点。体会建构物理模型的思维方式，认识物理模型在探索自然规律中的作用。", "srcCourse": "必修", "srcCourseNo": "1", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_KCsUdTFi", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把「抽象为质点的条件」这条知识用到一个具体情境上，做出可对错的判断并给出理由，而不是复述条件本身"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_tQ9Y55tx", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能对给定物体判断所受摩擦力的种类并算出滑动摩擦力大小", "verb": "算出", "object": "给定物体所受摩擦力的种类与滑动摩擦力大小", "type": "PROCEDURAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "必修", "evidence": ["拿到一个斜面上静止的木块，能指出它受的是静摩擦力而不是滑动摩擦力", "给出物重、动摩擦因数和接触面情况，能代入公式算出滑动摩擦力的大小并写出数值"], "assessment": "{{name}}，这个木块在斜面上不动，它受的是哪种摩擦力？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 21, "srcText": "认识重力、弹力与摩擦力。通过实验，了解胡克定律。知道滑动摩擦和静摩擦现象，能用动摩擦因数计算滑动摩擦力的大小。", "srcCourse": "必修", "srcCourseNo": "1", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_8AwHBgsW", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生在具体情境中先区分静摩擦与滑动摩擦，再用动摩擦因数算出滑动摩擦力的大小，判断和计算的结果都能被旁观者直接核对"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_xPjd2R2t", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能对给定物体判断所受的是静摩擦还是滑动摩擦，并算出滑动摩擦力大小", "verb": "算出", "object": "给定物体的静摩擦/滑动摩擦类型与滑动摩擦力大小", "type": "PROCEDURAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "必修", "evidence": ["给出一个斜面上静止的木块和一个正在滑下的木块，学生能分别指出前者受静摩擦、后者受滑动摩擦", "给出压力与动摩擦因数，学生能写出 f=μN 并算出滑动摩擦力的数值和单位"], "assessment": "{{name}}，这个木块在斜面上是静摩擦还是滑动摩擦？滑动摩擦力你能算出来吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 21, "srcText": "认识重力、弹力与摩擦力。通过实验，了解胡克定律。知道滑动摩擦和静摩擦现象，能用动摩擦因数计算滑动摩擦力的大小。", "srcCourse": "必修", "srcCourseNo": "1", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_uPSZCGtT", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生在具体情境中先区分两种摩擦现象，再用动摩擦因数完成滑动摩擦力的定量计算，判断与计算过程旁观者都能看到"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_tf5T62pM", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说出两种常见机械的功率数值并说明其含义", "verb": "说出", "object": "常见机械的功率数值及其含义", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "必修", "evidence": ["学生说出两种常见机械（如家用空调、汽车发动机）的功率数值，并指出该数值表示单位时间内做功的多少", "学生比较两种机械的功率数值大小，说明数值大的机械做功更快"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能说出两种常见机械的功率大概是多少，并说说这个数代表什么意思吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 23, "srcText": "理解功和功率。了解生产生活中常见机械的功率大小及其意义。", "srcCourse": "必修", "srcCourseNo": "2", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_DzzmitbY", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把常见机械的功率大小与功率的物理含义对应起来，能举出具体机械并解释数值意义"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_cdnWNn5J", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明重力势能变化与重力做功的对应关系", "verb": "对应", "object": "重力势能变化与重力做功的对应关系", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "必修", "evidence": ["举出一个物体下落或上升的实例，指出重力做功的正负与重力势能增减的对应", "对同一实例说明重力做多少功，重力势能就变化多少"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能举个例子说说重力做功和重力势能变化是怎么对应的吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 24, "srcText": "理解重力势能，知道重力势能的变化与重力做功的关系。定性了解弹性势能。", "srcCourse": "必修", "srcCourseNo": "2", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_xjcKS4bV", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把重力势能变化与重力做功的关系落到具体实例上，能自己举出例子并说清两者的对应，而不是复述结论。"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_8zhKuQNE", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能对给定的一个具体过程，判断机械能是否守恒并说出依据", "verb": "说出", "object": "给定具体过程中机械能是否守恒", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "必修", "evidence": ["面对一个具体过程（如小球沿光滑斜面下滑），能先判断机械能守恒或不守恒，再指出是哪个力做功导致", "若判断为不守恒，能指出机械能转化成了哪种其他形式的能，并说明该过程仍满足能量守恒"], "assessment": "{{name}}，这个小球滚下来的过程，机械能守恒吗？你怎么判断的？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 24, "srcText": "通过实验，验证机械能守恒定律。理解机械能守恒定律，体会守恒观念对认识物理规律的重要性。能用机械能守恒定律分析生产生活中的有关问题。", "srcCourse": "必修", "srcCourseNo": "2", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_kjjtMWqm", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把机械能守恒定律用在一个具体过程上：先判定守恒与否，再给出做功依据，判定结果和依据都能被旁观者直接看到。"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_DNxbD95x", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能对给定的匀速圆周运动实例，指出向心加速度的方向并写出其大小表达式", "verb": "写出", "object": "向心加速度的方向与大小表达式", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "必修", "evidence": ["在示意图上标出向心加速度指向圆心，并写出 a=v²/r 或 a=ω²r", "对同一实例换用线速度或角速度给出两种等价表达式，方向判断不变"], "assessment": "{{name}}，这个小球转圈时向心加速度朝哪边，大小怎么写？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 24, "srcText": "会用线速度、角速度、周期描述匀速圆周运动。知道匀速圆周运动向心加速度的大小和方向。通过实验，探究并了解匀速圆周运动向心力大小与半径、角速度、质量的关系。能用牛顿第二定律分析匀速圆周运动的向心力。了解生产生活中的离心现象及其产生的原因。", "srcCourse": "必修", "srcCourseNo": "2", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_yvcL9LvW", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把「向心加速度大小和方向」从记忆变成可操作：面对具体运动能定位方向、写出关系式，旁观者一看标注和式子即可判定会与不会。"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_23Ags9cZ", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明生产生活中两种离心现象并指出各自产生的原因", "verb": "指出", "object": "生产生活中的离心现象及其产生原因", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "必修", "evidence": ["说出两种不同的离心现象实例，如洗衣机脱水、汽车转弯打滑", "针对每个实例指出是向心力不足还是惯性导致物体远离圆心"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能举两个生活里的离心现象，并说说它们为什么会发生吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 24, "srcText": "会用线速度、角速度、周期描述匀速圆周运动。知道匀速圆周运动向心加速度的大小和方向。通过实验，探究并了解匀速圆周运动向心力大小与半径、角速度、质量的关系。能用牛顿第二定律分析匀速圆周运动的向心力。了解生产生活中的离心现象及其产生的原因。", "srcCourse": "必修", "srcCourseNo": "2", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_8cxg4tmP", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把离心现象与向心力不足这一原因对应起来，能举出实例并解释成因，而不是只记住现象名称"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_EkLYq6TC", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能按时间顺序说出万有引力定律发现过程中的关键史实及其先后关系", "verb": "说出", "object": "万有引力定律发现过程中的关键史实及其先后关系", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "必修", "evidence": ["学生按时间先后列出发现过程中的若干关键史实，不出现顺序颠倒", "学生指出后一史实是在前一史实基础上推进的，并说明推进点"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能按先后顺序讲讲万有引力定律是怎么被发现的吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 24, "srcText": "通过史实，了解万有引力定律的发现过程。知道万有引力定律。认识发现万有引力定律的重要意义。认识科学定律对人类探索未知世界的作用。", "srcCourse": "必修", "srcCourseNo": "2", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_JmgxpNt9", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把课标要求的史实从『了解』变成可外显的、有顺序的复述与关系说明，旁观者能直接判断其对错与完整度"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_MR6zWTwf", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说出宇宙起源与演化研究的一项新进展及其依据", "verb": "说出", "object": "宇宙起源与演化研究的一项新进展及其依据", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "必修", "evidence": ["说出至少一项宇宙起源或演化研究的具体进展，如某探测器的新观测结果", "指出该进展所依据的观测证据或数据来源"], "assessment": "{{{{name}}}}，你能说出一项宇宙起源研究的新进展和它的依据吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 25, "srcText": "关注宇宙起源和演化的研究进展。", "srcCourse": "必修", "srcCourseNo": "2", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_nFe3Kwx9", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把「关注研究进展」落成可观察的表述：能举出一项具体进展并说明其依据，而不是笼统表示关心。"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_QebJvFJp", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明生产生活中静电利用与防护各一例并指出所用电学原理", "verb": "指出", "object": "生产生活中静电利用与防护的实例及其电学原理", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "必修", "evidence": ["举出静电利用的实例（如静电除尘、静电喷涂、静电复印）并说明其中电荷如何被利用", "举出静电防护的实例（如油罐车拖地导线、加油站防静电、飞机着陆接地）并说明如何避免电荷积累"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能各举一个静电利用和静电防护的例子，并说说其中的道理吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 27, "srcText": "了解生产生活中关于静电的利用与防护。", "srcCourse": "必修", "srcCourseNo": "3", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_8Tha5nGP", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把课标中的静电利用与防护落到具体生产生活实例上，并能指出实例背后的电学原理，而不是停留在泛泛了解。"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_5KtnEGsr", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能识别常见电路元器件并说出其在电路中的作用", "verb": "说出", "object": "常见电路元器件及其在电路中的作用", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "必修", "evidence": ["指认电阻、电容、二极管等元器件并说出名称", "说出该元器件在电路中所起的作用，如限流、储能、单向导电"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能认出这几个电路元件，并说说它们在电路里起什么作用吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 28, "srcText": "观察并能识别常见的电路元器件，了解它们在电路中的作用。会使用多用电表。", "srcCourse": "必修", "srcCourseNo": "3", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_pWGmmt7C", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把元器件的外观与它在电路中的功能对应起来，能指认、能说明，而不是停留在知道有这些元件。"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_DH9jb4Q3", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能根据串、并联电路的电阻规律算出等效电阻并说明依据", "verb": "算出", "object": "串、并联电路的等效电阻", "type": "PROCEDURAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "必修", "evidence": ["给定两个串联电阻的阻值，写出等效电阻等于两阻值之和并算出结果", "给定两个并联电阻的阻值，写出等效电阻的倒数等于各电阻倒数之和并算出结果"], "assessment": "{{name}}，这两个电阻串起来等效电阻是多少，你怎么算的？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 28, "srcText": "了解串、并联电路电阻的特点。", "srcCourse": "必修", "srcCourseNo": "3", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_HrAY7R5a", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把串、并联电阻的特点用于具体电路，算出等效电阻并说出所用规律，而不是只复述规律本身"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_x965MiKq", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能列举我国古代两项磁现象研究成果并说明其对人类文明的影响", "verb": "说明", "object": "我国古代磁现象研究成果及其对人类文明的影响", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "必修", "evidence": ["说出司南、指南针等至少两项我国古代磁学成果", "指出其中一项成果对航海或方向辨别等文明进程的具体作用"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能说出我国古代两项和磁有关的成果，并讲讲它们带来了什么影响吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 29, "srcText": "能列举磁现象在生产生活中的应用。了解我国古代在磁现象方面的研究成果及其对人类文明的影响。关注与磁相关的现代技术发展。", "srcCourse": "必修", "srcCourseNo": "3", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_qUHxg9ti", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "学生要能举出具体成果，并把它与一项可指认的文明影响对应起来，而不是笼统说古代很厉害"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_athhHFCS", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能根据磁通量是否变化判断闭合回路中是否产生感应电流", "verb": "判断", "object": "闭合回路中是否产生感应电流", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "必修", "evidence": ["给定一个闭合回路和磁场变化的描述，指出磁通量是否变化并据此判断有无感应电流", "对同一回路改变条件（如断开回路或磁场不变），说明判断结果为何改变"], "assessment": "{{name}}，这个回路里磁通量变了没有，会不会有感应电流？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 29, "srcText": "知道磁通量。通过实验，了解电磁感应现象，了解产生感应电流的条件。知道电磁感应现象的应用及其对现代社会的影响。", "srcCourse": "必修", "srcCourseNo": "3", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_DKiixzHQ", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把磁通量变化与感应电流的产生条件对应起来，对具体情境作出有无感应电流的判定"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_ZpcsD28c", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明电磁场具有物质性所依据的可观察事实", "verb": "说明", "object": "电磁场具有物质性所依据的可观察事实", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "必修", "evidence": ["说出电磁场不依赖人的感觉而存在、可脱离电荷独立传播的具体事例", "指出电磁场携带能量或动量、能与物体发生相互作用的具体现象"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能举个例子说说电磁场为什么算物质吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 29, "srcText": "通过实验，了解电磁波，知道电磁场的物质性。", "srcCourse": "必修", "srcCourseNo": "3", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_52tBR6p6", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把「电磁场的物质性」这一结论落到可观察的事实依据上，能举出具体事例说明，而不是只复述结论"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_i7Z3C65y", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明两种能源过度开发或利用造成环境影响的实例", "verb": "说明", "object": "能源过度开发或利用造成环境影响的实例", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "必修", "evidence": ["说出煤炭燃烧排放二氧化硫导致酸雨的具体例子", "说出过度开采地下水或采矿造成地表塌陷的具体例子"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能举两个能源用多了、用错了伤害环境的例子吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 30, "srcText": "了解可再生能源和不可再生能源的分类，认识能源的过度开发和利用对环境的影响。", "srcCourse": "必修", "srcCourseNo": "3", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_YcpixC2z", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把能源开发与利用同具体的环境后果对应起来，并举出可核对的实例"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_QKHCw9qv", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明两项环境污染的危害及其对应的防治行为", "verb": "说明", "object": "环境污染的危害及对应防治行为", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "必修", "evidence": ["说出至少两种污染现象（如雾霾、水华）并指出各自危害的对象", "针对每种危害各说出一个自己或他人可实行的具体防治行为"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能举两种污染，说说它们害了什么、我们又能做点什么吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 30, "srcText": "认识环境污染的危害，了解科学 · 技术 · 社会 · 环境协调发展的重要性，具有环境保护的意识和行为。", "srcCourse": "必修", "srcCourseNo": "3", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_wzNP8fzy", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把「污染危害」与「防治行为」对应起来举例，而不是笼统表态"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_JyWKLM4b", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明一项技术应用带来的环境危害及其协调改进做法", "verb": "说明", "object": "技术应用的环境危害与协调改进做法", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "应用", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "必修", "evidence": ["说出一种技术应用（如燃煤发电、塑料使用）造成的具体环境危害", "针对该危害说出一种兼顾社会需求与环境的技术改进做法"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能举一个技术带来污染、又能改进的例子吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 30, "srcText": "认识环境污染的危害，了解科学 · 技术 · 社会 · 环境协调发展的重要性，具有环境保护的意识和行为。", "srcCourse": "必修", "srcCourseNo": "3", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_DMgBKtjs", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把「协调发展」落到具体技术案例上，指出危害并给出改进做法，而不是停留在口号式表态"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_WuHrhSeH", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能说出光发生干涉、衍射、偏振现象各自所需的条件", "verb": "说出", "object": "光发生干涉、衍射、偏振现象各自所需的条件", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选择性必修", "evidence": ["被问及双缝干涉时，指出需要相干光源，并说明两列光波频率相同、相位差恒定", "被问及偏振现象时，指出需要自然光通过偏振片，并说明光是横波才有此现象"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你说说光要发生干涉，得满足什么条件？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 35, "srcText": "观察光的干涉、衍射和偏振现象，了解这些现象产生的条件，知道其在生产生活中的应用。知道光是横波，会用双缝干涉实验测量光的波长。", "srcCourse": "选择性必修", "srcCourseNo": "1", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_3GUVHP9Q", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把课标中「了解这些现象产生的条件」转化为可口头陈述的具体条件，能说出即会，说不出即不会"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_CkfKYV6y", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明发电机和电动机工作时分别把什么能转化成什么能", "verb": "说明", "object": "发电机和电动机工作过程中的能量转化", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选择性必修", "evidence": ["说出电动机通电后转动，电能转化为机械能", "说出水流或蒸汽推动发电机转动发电，机械能转化为电能"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你说说发电机和电动机各是把什么能变成什么能？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 38, "srcText": "了解发电机和电动机工作过程中的能量转化。认识电磁学在人类生活和社会发展中的作用。", "srcCourse": "选择性必修", "srcCourseNo": "2", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_vsJYX3g6", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生针对两类机器各举一例，指出输入和输出的能量形式，旁观者听其表述即可判定对错"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_KPBC8bKF", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能说出电磁波发射、传播、接收各需什么装置或条件", "verb": "说出", "object": "电磁波发射、传播、接收各需的装置或条件", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选择性必修", "evidence": ["能分别指出发射端需要振荡电路与天线、传播需要介质或真空、接收端需要天线与调谐接收电路", "能对着收音机或手机说出信号从发射到接收经过哪几个环节"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能说说电磁波从发射到被接收，中间要经过哪几步吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 38, "srcText": "知道电磁波的发射、传播和接收。", "srcCourse": "选择性必修", "srcCourseNo": "2", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_8ZTTAZH3", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把电磁波发射、传播、接收三个环节各自对应的装置或条件一一说出来，而不是只记住这句话。"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_7CuXn7ik", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明非电学量转换成电学量在生活中的技术用途", "verb": "说明", "object": "非电学量转换成电学量的技术用途", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选择性必修", "evidence": ["说出一个具体装置，并指出它把哪种非电学量转成了电学量", "说明该转换带来的一个实际好处，如便于远距离传输或自动控制"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能举一个把温度或光变成电信号的装置，说说它有什么用吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 39, "srcText": "知道非电学量转换成电学量的技术意义。", "srcCourse": "选择性必修", "srcCourseNo": "2", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_TkeWLWEf", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把「转换的技术意义」落到具体装置和用途上，能举例说明即算会，举不出即算不会"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_pKXh6iBc", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明分子动理论的基本观点，并说出支持它的一个实验证据", "verb": "说出", "object": "分子动理论的基本观点及其实验证据", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选择性必修", "evidence": ["说出分子动理论的一条基本观点，并对应举出一个实验现象（如扩散、布朗运动）作为证据", "对给定的实验现象，指出它支持分子动理论的哪一条观点"], "assessment": "{{{{name}}}}，你能举一个实验，说明它证明了分子在不停地运动吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 41, "srcText": "通过实验，估测油酸分子的大小。了解分子动理论的基本观点及相关的实验证据。", "srcCourse": "选择性必修", "srcCourseNo": "3", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_QMSED93d", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "学生要把分子动理论的抽象观点与具体实验证据对应起来，而不是只复述观点条文"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_Tp62iNVq", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能列举生活中的晶体和非晶体各两种，并说出晶体与非晶体在熔点上的区别", "verb": "说出", "object": "生活中的晶体和非晶体及其熔点区别", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选择性必修", "evidence": ["学生举出食盐、石英等晶体和玻璃、松香等非晶体，各不少于两种", "学生指出晶体有固定熔点、非晶体没有固定熔点，并以此说明所举例子为何归入该类"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能举出两种晶体和两种非晶体，并说说它们熔化时有什么不一样吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 41, "srcText": "了解固体的微观结构。知道晶体和非晶体的特点。能列举生活中的晶体和非晶体。通过实例，了解液晶的主要性质及其在显示技术中的应用。", "srcCourse": "选择性必修", "srcCourseNo": "3", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_xZHgnfnb", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把晶体与非晶体的特点落到具体生活实例上，并给出可核对的分类依据，而不是只复述定义"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_q3x8uJUa", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明两种材料科学成果及其对生活或社会的影响", "verb": "说明", "object": "两种材料科学成果及其对生活或社会的影响", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选择性必修", "evidence": ["说出两种具体材料（如半导体材料、高分子材料）并各指出一项由它带来的生活或社会变化", "对每种材料说明其应用领域与所产生影响之间的对应关系，而非只罗列名称"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能举两种材料科学的成果，说说它们给生活带来了什么变化吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 41, "srcText": "了解材料科学的有关知识及应用，体会它们的发展对人类生活和社会发展的影响。", "srcCourse": "选择性必修", "srcCourseNo": "3", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_s3mhKg4L", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把材料科学知识与具体应用、社会影响对应起来，能举出实例并说明影响，而不是停留在笼统印象上"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_REPgM3WX", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明两种材料科学成果及其对人类生活的影响", "verb": "说明", "object": "材料科学成果及其对人类生活的影响", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选择性必修", "evidence": ["说出两种具体材料（如半导体材料、高分子材料）并各举一例说明它改变了什么生活方式", "对同一材料能指出它带来的便利与产生的新问题各一项"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能举两种材料科学的成果，说说它们怎么改变了我们的生活吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 41, "srcText": "了解材料科学的有关知识及应用，体会它们的发展对人类生活和社会发展的影响。", "srcCourse": "选择性必修", "srcCourseNo": "3", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_pJUvwyht", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把材料科学的成果与具体生活变化对应起来，用实例支撑，而不是停留在笼统的体会。"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_G9GefgPq", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明液体表面张力现象并指出其产生原因", "verb": "指出", "object": "液体表面张力现象及其产生原因", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选择性必修", "evidence": ["举出两个生活中观察到的表面张力现象（如硬币上水面凸起、水黾停在水面）", "针对所举现象说出表面层分子间距大于内部、分子间表现为引力这一原因"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能举两个表面张力的例子，并说说它为什么会产生吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 42, "srcText": "观察液体的表面张力现象。了解表面张力产生的原因。知道毛细现象。", "srcCourse": "选择性必修", "srcCourseNo": "3", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_L8SaSn3m", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "学生要把观察到的现象与分子层面的原因对应起来，能举例并解释成因，而不是复述定义。"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_WSbkzkcH", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能依据氢原子光谱的实验事实，说出原子能级结构的基本特征", "verb": "说出", "object": "原子能级结构的基本特征", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选择性必修", "evidence": ["面对氢原子光谱图，能指出光谱线对应电子在能级间跃迁", "能用自己的话说明能级是不连续的、能量取分立值"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能看着氢原子光谱图，说说它怎么说明原子能量是一份一份的吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 43, "srcText": "了解人类探索原子及其结构的历史。知道原子的核式结构模型。通过对氢原子光谱的分析，了解原子的能级结构。", "srcCourse": "选择性必修", "srcCourseNo": "3", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_NYLNhMjd", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把氢原子光谱的实验现象与原子能级结构对应起来，并能口头陈述能级结构的基本特征，而非仅记住结论。"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_mywTNazv", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明半衰期的统计意义，并据此判断某放射性样品经过若干半衰期后剩余核的比例", "verb": "判断", "object": "半衰期的统计意义与剩余核比例", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选择性必修", "evidence": ["给出一个具体半衰期数值，学生能说出经过1个、2个半衰期后未衰变核数占总数的1/2、1/4", "学生能指出半衰期只对大量原子核才有意义，对单个原子核说'何时衰变'没有意义"], "assessment": "{{name}}，某种放射性物质过了两个半衰期，还剩多少没衰变？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 43, "srcText": "了解放射性和原子核衰变。知道半衰期及其统计意义。了解放射性同位素的应用，知道射线的危害与防护。", "srcCourse": "选择性必修", "srcCourseNo": "3", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_bBMm3Sxe", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把半衰期从一句定义变成可用来推算剩余核比例、并说明其统计适用范围的工具"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_fYgUSXPU", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明直线加速器、同步加速器或粒子探测器在探索物质结构中的作用", "verb": "探索", "object": "直线加速器、同步加速器或粒子探测器在探索物质结构中的作用", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选择性必修", "evidence": ["说出一种加速器或探测器，并指出它把粒子加速到高能或记录粒子径迹，从而帮助人们发现新的粒子或结构", "举出一个由这类装置参与获得的物质结构认识，并说明该装置在其中承担的具体任务"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能举一个加速器或探测器，说说它在探索物质结构时干了什么吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 43, "srcText": "了解人类对物质结构的探索历程。例 了解直线加速器、同步加速器、粒子探测器在核物理和粒子物理研究中的作用。", "srcCourse": "选择性必修", "srcCourseNo": "3", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_Hub5Pj2C", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生在知道探索历程的基础上，能就给定的装置举例说明它在物质结构探索中具体做了什么，而不是复述历程名称。"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_w7T7sA85", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明实物粒子的波动性表现，并指出微观量取分立值的现象", "verb": "指出", "object": "实物粒子的波动性表现与微观量分立取值现象", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选择性必修", "evidence": ["说出电子束通过晶体后出现衍射图样这一事实，并说明它表明电子具有波动性", "举出一个微观量只能取分立值的例子，如原子发光只出现在特定波长上"], "assessment": "{{{{name}}}}，你能举一个说明电子像波一样、以及微观量只能取分立值的例子吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 43, "srcText": "知道实物粒子具有波动性，了解微观世界的量子化特征。体会量子论的建立对人们认识物质世界的影响。", "srcCourse": "选择性必修", "srcCourseNo": "3", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_qVwKisLM", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把实物粒子波动性和量子化特征落到具体可指认的现象上，而不是停留在记住结论"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_fJKi6dP7", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明实物粒子的波动性表现，并指出量子化特征的一个实例", "verb": "指出", "object": "实物粒子的波动性与微观量子化特征", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选择性必修", "evidence": ["说出电子衍射等一个实物粒子显示波动性的实验现象", "举出一个能量或物理量取分立值的微观实例"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能举一个例子说明电子像波一样吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 43, "srcText": "知道实物粒子具有波动性，了解微观世界的量子化特征。体会量子论的建立对人们认识物质世界的影响。", "srcCourse": "选择性必修", "srcCourseNo": "3", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_b5DF6iLe", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把实物粒子波动性与量子化特征落到具体例子上，而不是停留在复述结论"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_ieWVP7hJ", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明哥白尼日心说如何改变了人类对地球地位的看法", "verb": "说明", "object": "哥白尼日心说对地球地位看法的改变", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["说出日心说之前人们认为地球位于宇宙中心", "说出日心说之后地球成为绕太阳运行的一颗行星"], "assessment": "{{name}}，日心说之前和之后，人们觉得地球的位置有什么不一样？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 46, "srcText": "了解古希腊的宇宙观与中国古代的宇宙观。了解哥白尼日心说对宇宙观的冲击。了解开普勒定律对牛顿发现万有引力定律的重要作用。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "1", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_TZSLqatc", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生用日心说前后的对比，具体说明宇宙观受到的冲击"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_tGyqrfei", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明开普勒定律为牛顿推导万有引力定律提供了哪些关键依据", "verb": "说明", "object": "开普勒定律为牛顿推导万有引力定律提供的关键依据", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["说出开普勒第三定律中周期平方与轨道半长轴立方成正比这一关系，并指出它被牛顿用来检验平方反比引力。", "说出开普勒第一、第二定律描述的行星轨道与面积速度，并指出它们为牛顿提供行星运动的事实基础。"], "assessment": "{{name}}，开普勒定律给牛顿提供了哪些关键依据？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 46, "srcText": "了解古希腊的宇宙观与中国古代的宇宙观。了解哥白尼日心说对宇宙观的冲击。了解开普勒定律对牛顿发现万有引力定律的重要作用。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "1", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_wEr4atYg", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把开普勒定律与牛顿万有引力定律之间的推导关系用具体依据讲出来，而不是只记住两者有关。"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_4sA4wrq5", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明伽利略的哪个实验或推理环节被牛顿力学继承或修正", "verb": "实验", "object": "伽利略的实验或推理环节与牛顿力学的继承或修正关系", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["说出伽利略的斜面实验或理想实验，并指出牛顿力学中对应的概念或定律", "指出伽利略方法在牛顿力学中未覆盖或需修正的一处，如力的来源或绝对时空"], "assessment": "{{name}}，伽利略的哪个实验或推理，被牛顿力学接着用了？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 46, "srcText": "了解伽利略的实验方法和逻辑方法对牛顿力学诞生的贡献。了解牛顿力学的成就和局限性。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "1", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_Kh3XeXFn", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把伽利略的具体方法环节与牛顿力学的具体内容对应起来，并作出继承或修正的判断"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_efESZWYt", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明19世纪末的某项物理学发现如何引发了近代物理学革命", "verb": "说明", "object": "19世纪末的某项物理学发现与近代物理学革命的关系", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["学生说出19世纪末的一项具体物理学发现（如X射线、放射性、电子等），并指出它如何动摇了经典物理学的某个基本假设。", "学生能将该发现与随后出现的相对论或量子论等近代物理学革命性理论建立因果联系。"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能举一个19世纪末的物理学发现，说说它怎么引发了后来的物理学革命吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 46, "srcText": "了解 19 世纪末物理学的发现对于近代物理学革命的意义。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "1", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_4TVpRHN8", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生从具体发现出发，解释其与近代物理学革命之间的因果链条，而非仅复述结论。"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_vxDP4MuG", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明相对论时空观与经典时空观的一处不同", "verb": "说明", "object": "相对论时空观与经典时空观的不同", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["说出一个具体差异，如运动的钟变慢或同时性的相对性", "指出经典时空观中该处对应的说法，如时间绝对、同时性绝对"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能举一个例子说说相对论的时空观和经典时空观哪里不一样吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 46, "srcText": "了解相对论的时空观，知道质能关系的意义，了解相对论与量子论对人类认识的影响。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "1", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_8hTR5dJ9", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把相对论时空观与已有经典时空观对照，举出具体差异，而不是复述教材结论"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_WrC9enVh", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说出至少两位中国物理学家的成果及其贡献", "verb": "说出", "object": "中国物理学家的成果及其贡献", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["学生口头或书面列出两位中国物理学家，并各说出其一项具体成果", "学生说明该成果解决了什么问题或产生了什么影响，与所列人物对应无误"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能说出两位中国物理学家和他们的成果吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 46, "srcText": "了解中国物理学家的成果与贡献。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "1", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_6sCEFv5j", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生从记忆中提取具体的中国物理学家事例，并把人物、成果、贡献三者对应陈述出来，旁观者可直接判断对错与完整度"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_X4778JHM", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明蒸汽机在第一次工业革命中替代了什么动力、推动了哪些生产部门", "verb": "说明", "object": "蒸汽机对第一次工业革命的推动作用", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["说出蒸汽机取代了人力、畜力和水力等动力", "举出至少一个因蒸汽机而改变生产方式的部门（如纺织、采矿、铁路运输）"], "assessment": "{{name}}，蒸汽机替掉了哪些动力，又让哪些行业变了样？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 46, "srcText": "了解蒸汽机的发明对第一次工业革命的推动作用。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "1", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_xvY3MgC6", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "学生要把「推动作用」落到具体动力替代和生产部门变化上，而不是复述结论"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_CTkDhJB9", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明电磁学的一项发现如何推动了第二次工业革命中的一项技术应用", "verb": "说明", "object": "电磁学发现与第二次工业革命技术应用的因果关联", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "应用", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["说出至少一项电磁学发现（如电磁感应）并指出它对应的一项工业技术（如发电机、电动机、电报）", "用一句话说明该发现与该技术之间的因果联系，而非仅并列罗列两者"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能举一个电磁学的发现，说说它推动了第二次工业革命里的哪项技术吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 46, "srcText": "了解电磁学的发展对第二次工业革命的推动作用。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "1", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_k7WiRWPS", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "学生要把电磁学知识与第二次工业革命的具体技术成果对应起来，并讲清推动关系，而不是复述课本结论。"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_LFhXhryU", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能对给定的一组生活用能实例按可再生与不可再生分类并说明依据", "verb": "分类", "object": "给定的一组生活用能实例", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["面对教师给出的若干生活用能实例，逐一归入可再生能源或不可再生能源两类，分类结果正确", "对每个归类说出依据，如该能源能否在短时间内从自然界得到补充"], "assessment": "{{name}}，这几样生活里用的能源，哪些是可再生的，哪些不是，你怎么分？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 47, "srcText": "了解可再生能源与不可再生能源在生活中应用的实例。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "1", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_EUrsDv2k", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把课标要求的两类能源概念用到具体生活实例上，做出可观察的分类判断并给出理由，而不是停留在复述定义。"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_wHYLajhf", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能列举微电子技术在生活中的应用实例，并说出电视广播技术给日常生活带来的两项变化", "verb": "说出", "object": "微电子技术的应用实例、电视广播技术对生活的影响", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "应用", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["学生说出至少两个微电子技术产品（如手机、遥控器、智能卡）及其在生活中的用途", "学生说出电视广播技术带来的两项具体变化，如获取新闻更快、家庭娱乐方式改变"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能举两个微电子技术用在生活里的例子，再说说电视广播让日子有了哪两样变化吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 47, "srcText": "能列举微电子技术在生活中的应用实例。了解电视广播技术的发展对生活的影响。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "1", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_AbU45xZ9", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把课标中的两项知识转化为可观察的举例和影响说明，能直接判断其是否掌握。"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_cuT563RX", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明航天技术对日常生活的一项具体影响", "verb": "说明", "object": "航天技术对日常生活的一项具体影响", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["说出一种日常用品或服务，并指出它源自航天技术", "说明该技术从航天用途转到日常用途的环节"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能举一个航天技术用到生活里的例子吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 47, "srcText": "了解航天技术对生活的影响。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "1", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_crgh9JjT", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把航天技术与具体生活场景对应起来，而不是笼统表态"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_ui77Znqk", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明X射线穿过人体不同组织时穿透程度不同", "verb": "说明", "object": "X射线穿过人体不同组织时穿透程度不同", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["举出两种人体组织，并说出X射线穿过哪一种更容易、穿过哪一种更困难", "用两种组织的穿透差异解释X射线影像上为什么会出现明暗不同的区域"], "assessment": "{{name}}，X射线穿过骨头和穿过肌肉，哪个更容易透过去？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 48, "srcText": "了解 X 射线对人体不同组织的穿透性差异。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "2", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_ZjCbbaSE", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把穿透性差异落到具体组织上作对比说明，而不是只复述差异存在"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_9qfMWUNG", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能说出典型射线的特性、防护措施及其在医学中的应用与人体影响", "verb": "说出", "object": "典型射线的特性、防护措施、医学应用及人体影响", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "应用", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["被问及某种典型射线时，能说出它的一项特性并对应一项防护措施", "能举出该射线在医学中的一个应用，并说明它对人体可能造成的影响"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能说说某种射线有什么特性、怎么防护、在医学上有什么用吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 48, "srcText": "了解典型射线的特性及其防护措施，知道这些射线在医学中的应用及其对人体的影响。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "2", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_HVNAuivQ", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生在被问到时，用口头或书面方式复述并对应典型射线的特性、防护、医学应用与人体影响，而非仅停留在模糊印象。"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_Gm6MbLzu", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说出两种可再生能源和两种不可再生能源，并说明开发新能源的必要性", "verb": "说出", "object": "可再生能源与不可再生能源的实例及新能源开发的必要性", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["学生分别举出两种可再生能源（如太阳能、风能）和两种不可再生能源（如煤、石油），并指出分类依据", "学生结合不可再生能源储量有限或使用带来环境问题，说出开发新能源的必要性"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能各举两种可再生能源和不可再生能源，并说说为什么必须开发新能源吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 48, "srcText": "了解可再生能源和不可再生能源的开发与利用，了解新能源开发的必要性。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "2", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_LMJDzkqV", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把能源分类落到具体实例上，并依据分类和现实问题说明开发新能源的必要性"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_iXVPssKV", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说出太阳能利用的两种常见方式，并说明其应用前景", "verb": "说出", "object": "太阳能利用的常见方式及应用前景", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "应用", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["学生口头或书面举出至少两种太阳能利用方式（如太阳能热水器、光伏发电），并各用一句话说明其用途", "学生针对其中一种方式，说出它未来可能推广或受限的理由"], "assessment": "{{{{name}}}}，你能说出两种利用太阳能的方式，并讲讲它们以后会怎样吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 48, "srcText": "了解太阳能利用的常见方式及应用前景。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "2", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_5tJBQTeA", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把「太阳能利用方式及应用前景」这条知识转化为可外显的举例与说明行为，旁观者能直接判断其是否做到。"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_BhknjSX4", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明核裂变与核聚变各一例，并说出核废料处理的一种方式", "verb": "说出", "object": "核裂变与核聚变实例、核废料处理方式", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["学生分别举出核裂变和核聚变的一个具体实例，并指出两者在反应物上的差别", "学生说出核废料处理的一种具体做法，如深地质处置或后处理回收"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能各举一个核裂变和核聚变的例子，再说说核废料怎么处理吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 48, "srcText": "了解核裂变和核聚变，了解核能的利用及核废料的处理。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "2", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_ZQwxeetn", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把核裂变、核聚变和核废料处理从记忆层面转为可举例、可区分的表达，旁观者能直接判断其是否掌握。"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_FWgrhcUM", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明核裂变与核聚变在核能利用中的不同用途，并说出一种核废料处理办法", "verb": "说出", "object": "核裂变与核聚变的用途及核废料处理办法", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["学生分别举出核裂变和核聚变被利用的实例，并指出两者用途的差别", "学生说出一种核废料的处理方式，如深地质处置或后处理回收"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能各举一个核裂变和核聚变被利用的例子，再说说核废料怎么处理吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 48, "srcText": "了解核裂变和核聚变，了解核能的利用及核废料的处理。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "2", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_JMiXxGZC", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把核裂变、核聚变与核能利用、核废料处理对应起来，用具体实例和处理办法说明，而不是只复述定义"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_jcDPGFfq", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说出地热能、潮汐能或风能的一种实际利用方式", "verb": "说出", "object": "地热能、潮汐能或风能的实际利用方式", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["说出一种利用方式，如某地用地热供暖或发电", "说出一种利用方式，如潮汐电站利用潮水涨落发电"], "assessment": "{{{{name}}}}，你能举一个用风能或地热能的例子吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 48, "srcText": "了解地热能、潮汐能及风能等的利用。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "2", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_pDMZkgxR", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "学生要能针对给定的能源类型，举出至少一种人类实际利用它的具体方式，而不是只记住能源名称。"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_LR5Ww98q", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明物理学原理在新材料开发中的一项具体应用", "verb": "说明", "object": "物理学原理在新材料开发中的具体应用", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "应用", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["说出一种新材料，并指出它开发中用到的某项物理原理或物理手段", "指出该原理在新材料性能上带来的具体改变"], "assessment": "{{{{name}}}}，你能举一种新材料，说说它用到了哪个物理原理吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 49, "srcText": "了解物理学在新材料开发中的作用。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "2", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_BJPuenqe", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把「物理学在新材料开发中的作用」落到一个自己举出的实例上，并说清物理原理与材料性能之间的对应关系，而不是复述课标原句。"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_RT5VnHrQ", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说出超导体的两个特点及其对应的一项应用", "verb": "说出", "object": "超导体的特点及其应用", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "应用", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["说出零电阻、完全抗磁性等超导体特点中的两个", "为每个特点各指出一项对应的超导技术应用实例"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能说出超导体的两个特点，并各举一个用它的例子吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 49, "srcText": "了解超导体的一些特点，了解超导技术的应用。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "2", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_nUNfTY7T", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把超导体的特点与具体应用对应起来举例说明，而不是仅停留在记住特点名称。"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_S3ZppVwF", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说明物理学发现或原理在信息技术中的一项具体应用", "verb": "说明", "object": "物理学发现或原理在信息技术中的具体应用", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "应用", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["说出至少一项信息技术产品，并指出它依据的物理原理或发现", "指出该物理原理在器件中承担的具体功能，如导电、发光、磁存储"], "assessment": "{{{{name}}}}，你能举一个例子，说说哪项信息技术用到了物理原理吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 49, "srcText": "了解物理学对信息技术发展的贡献。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "2", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_VJ3nRvy4", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把物理知识与信息技术产品对应起来，举出实例并说明其中的物理依据"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_5WevxqDb", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能对给定粒子算出其德布罗意波长并说明波粒二象性在该现象中的体现", "verb": "算出", "object": "给定粒子的德布罗意波长与波粒二象性", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["给出电子质量与速度，学生写出 λ=h/(mv) 并算出数值", "学生指出该粒子既表现波动性（可衍射）又表现粒子性（有确定动量）"], "assessment": "{{name}}，给你一个电子的速度，你能算出它的德布罗意波长吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 50, "srcText": "了解德布罗意物质波，知道物质的波粒二象性。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "3", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_r4fqBy3G", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把德布罗意关系式用于具体粒子，并指出波粒二象性在其中的具体表现，而不是复述定义"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_LwkRLycJ", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能说出基本粒子微观模型的两条主要特点", "verb": "说出", "object": "基本粒子微观模型的主要特点", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["被问到时，能口头或书面列出该模型的两条特点，如粒子很小、由更基本的成分构成", "能指出该模型与宏观物体模型的一处不同，并说明依据"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能说出基本粒子微观模型的两个特点吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 50, "srcText": "初步了解基本粒子的微观模型及其特点。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "3", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_as6yh7CA", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把课标中「基本粒子的微观模型及其特点」这一知识转化为可复述、可比较的具体表述，而不是停留在笼统印象上。"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_U6YbKrSs", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能按时间顺序说出人类探索基本粒子历程中的三个关键节点及其对应实验或装置", "verb": "说出", "object": "人类探索基本粒子历程中的三个关键节点及对应实验或装置", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["学生按时间先后列出三个节点，每个节点都配有一个具体的实验或探测装置名称", "学生能指出后一个节点相对前一个节点在探索深度上的推进之处"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你能按时间顺序讲出人类找基本粒子的三个关键节点和对应的实验吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 50, "srcText": "了解人类探索基本粒子的大致历程，知道这种探索将不断深入。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "3", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_b8rdXJtY", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把「大致历程」落到可复述的时间序列和具体实验证据上，而不是笼统地说探索在继续"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_UQfMCEM4", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能说出广义相对论的两条主要结论并各举一个观测证据", "verb": "说出", "object": "广义相对论的主要结论及其观测证据", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["学生口头或书面列出至少两条广义相对论的主要结论，如光线弯曲、引力红移、水星近日点进动、引力波等", "学生为每条结论指出对应的观测证据或实验，如日食观测、引力波探测、GPS 卫星钟差等"], "assessment": "{{name}}，广义相对论有哪两条主要结论？各有什么观测证据？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 50, "srcText": "了解广义相对论的主要思想、结论和观测证据。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "3", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_HriapWW4", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把广义相对论的主要结论与支持它们的观测证据对应起来陈述，而不是笼统表示了解。"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_N5ZfBjRF", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能说出大爆炸宇宙论的两项观察证据并指出各自支持的推论", "verb": "说出", "object": "大爆炸宇宙论的观察证据及其推论", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["学生口头或书面列出两项观察证据（如星系红移、宇宙微波背景辐射），并说明每项证据对应支持大爆炸模型的哪个推论", "学生能区分哪些陈述属于观察证据、哪些属于理论推论，不把推论当作直接观测事实"], "assessment": "{{{{name}}}}，你能说出支持大爆炸宇宙论的两项观察证据吗？它们各自说明了什么？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 51, "srcText": "初步了解大爆炸宇宙论的理论模型及其观察证据。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "3", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_DxEi9GkY", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把「大爆炸宇宙论及其观察证据」这一知识转化为可外显的表述：既要能举出具体证据，又要能说明证据与理论之间的支持关系，旁观者据此可直接判断其是否掌握。"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_MqpPKbT8", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能说出黑洞的一种观测方法及其所依据的信号类型", "verb": "说出", "object": "黑洞的一种观测方法及其所依据的信号类型", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["学生口头或书面指出一种黑洞观测方法（如射电干涉成像、X射线观测、引力波探测）", "学生说明该方法所依据的信号类型（如射电波、X射线、引力波）"], "assessment": "{{name}}，你说说科学家是用什么办法、看什么信号来观测黑洞的？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 51, "srcText": "初步了解黑洞及对黑洞的观测方法。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "3", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_UruXhKyr", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把「对黑洞的观测方法」落到具体方法与对应信号上，能说出来即判定会，说不出即不会"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_ZBZBYemu", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能说出暗物质和暗能量各自的一个观测证据及其推断结论", "verb": "说出", "object": "暗物质和暗能量的观测证据及推断结论", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["面对星系旋转曲线或引力透镜图，指出该现象被用来推断暗物质存在", "面对宇宙加速膨胀或超新星观测数据，指出该现象被用来推断暗能量存在"], "assessment": "{{name}}，哪个观测现象让科学家推断出暗物质存在？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 51, "srcText": "初步了解暗物质和暗能量。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "3", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_JQzV2LVB", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把「暗物质暗能量」这一概念与具体观测现象对应起来，并说出由现象到结论的推断链条，而不是只复述名词。"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_bWGuWjTJ", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能举例说出宇宙论的一项具体进展及其对应的观测证据", "verb": "说出", "object": "宇宙论的一项具体进展及其观测证据", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["说出如宇宙膨胀或微波背景辐射等一项进展，并指出支持它的观测事实", "当被追问该进展的依据时，能指出对应的观测来源而非只重复结论"], "assessment": "{{{{name}}}}，你能说出一项宇宙论进展和它靠什么观测证据吗？", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 51, "srcText": "初步了解宇宙论的一些进展。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "3", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_mkfc4RAf", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把宇宙论进展与支撑它的观测证据对应起来，而不只是记住名词"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}
{"id": "ca_4zrnHGhs", "discipline": "物理", "track": "DAG", "strand": null, "topic": null, "dimension": null, "statement": "能说出四种基本相互作用的名称，并各举一个由它主导的现象", "verb": "说出", "object": "四种基本相互作用的名称及其主导现象", "type": "CONCEPTUAL", "literacy": [], "cognitive": "掌握", "stageHint": {"min": "G10", "max": "G12"}, "courseType": "选修", "evidence": ["口头或书面列出引力、电磁、强、弱四种相互作用的名称，无遗漏", "为每种相互作用各指出一个由它主导的具体现象，如引力对应天体绕行"], "assessment": "{{{{name}}}}，四种基本相互作用是哪四种？各举一个例子说说。", "evidenceSource": "capability-rewrite", "reviewStatus": "ai-reviewed", "reviewedBy": ["ai:deepseek-v4-1-flash-2026-09-28", "ai:doubao-seed-2-0-pro-2026-09-28"], "deprecated": false, "supersededBy": null, "provenance": {"srcSubject": "物理", "srcPage": 51, "srcText": "了解四种基本相互作用及其特点。", "srcCourse": "选修", "srcCourseNo": "3", "srcSection": "内容要求", "derivedFrom": "ca_JqfuV3TV", "method": "capability-rewrite", "why": "这条能力要求学生把四种相互作用的名称与各自主导的现象对应起来，能当场列举而非仅停留在名词记忆"}, "schemaVersion": "0.1.0"}